The longtime chief executive of the country’s biggest savings and loan has been forced out because of the company’s mounting losses.

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have said they would not buy subprime loans from New York because a new law exposes them to too much risk and cost.

As banks tighten lending standards, alternative sources are stepping into the breach, organizing and processing loans among family, friends and business associates.

Silver State Bank is the 11th failure this year of a federally insured bank.

Downey has been racked by the mortgage crisis and federal regulators ordered it to shore up its finances and provide a detailed plan to reduce its assets and strengthen management.

China’s central bank is in a bind, after snapping up roughly $1 trillion worth of Treasury bonds and mortgage-backed debt issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac over the last seven years.

Loan defaults are rising, but the victims seem to be small companies in industries with big problems.

China’s central bank is in a bind, after snapping up roughly $1 trillion worth of Treasury bonds and mortgage-backed debt issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac over the last seven years.

Loan defaults are rising, but the victims seem to be small companies in industries with big problems.

The president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Thomas M. Hoenig, said that for economies to work best, institutions must be allowed to fail.